Carbon aerogel （CA） shows great promise for use in ultra-high-temperature thermal insulation materials due to its low thermal conductivity and thermal stability up to 3 000 ℃. However， it is prone to oxidation in oxygen-rich environments above 400 ℃， leading to a significant decline in performance. Therefore， improving its thermal insulation capabilities in oxygen-rich environments is essential. This paper addresses the challenge of applying carbon aerogel in high-temperature oxygen-rich environments. It conducts a comprehensive review of current research on carbon aerogel oxidation resistance both domestically and internationally. Through two aspects—matrix modification and coating modification—the paper thoroughly discusses existing research， existing shortcomings， and future trends in the field of carbon aerogel oxidation resistance， providing new insights and perspectives for carbon aerogel oxidation resistance research.